By convention, an individual with a Body mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more is considered obese. This applies to both men and women. For comparison, this would relate to a direct measure of approximately 25% body fat in men and 30% body fat in women. The BMI is calculated from weight and height, rather than on more direct measures of body fatness. It is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
The situation is more complex in children, where the BMI threshold of obesity varies with age and sex. Because of this, for children, BMI values are compared with reference values that are generally age and usually also sex specific and need to be further transformed in order to be put on a common footing. This is most often done by translating BMI-for-age into a Z-score or a percentile relative to some specified distribution of BMI-for-age. A Z-score represents the number of Standard deviation units above or below the mean, so that, e.g., a Z-score of 2 refers to a value that is 2 standard deviation above the mean. To give a sense of this 1.96 standard deviations around a normal population mean would include 95% of the population.
Childhood obesity will cast a dice for a higher risk of developing a variety of conditions. This study suggests that it could be a risk factor for MS also. If this is the case then we will be seeing increases in MS as the population becomes fatter. However, this is just a small increase in risk. Is this the real risk factor or is it assocaited with another risk factor? No doubt a study on fizzy drinks and MS risk will be on the way in the not too distant future.